A reaction warms 50.0 g of solution from 20.0 to 26.0 °C. Use c = 4.18 J g⁻¹ K⁻¹. If 0.0250 mol reacts, estimate the molar enthalpy change.
Show worked answer
The solution gains 50.0 × 4.18 × 6.0 = 1254 J. The reaction releases this heat, so ΔH = −1.254 ÷ 0.0250 = −50.2 kJ mol⁻¹. This estimate assumes no heat loss and that the solution has the stated heat capacity.
Magnesium and aluminium ionisation energies
Explain why the first ionisation energy falls from magnesium to aluminium.
Show worked answer
The electron removed from aluminium is in a 3p sub-shell, at higher energy than magnesium’s 3s electron. This makes it easier to remove despite aluminium’s higher nuclear charge.
More practice
You can use these UK-labelled tools for the topics below. Choose the AQA setting where there’s a choice.