Year 13 · AQA + OCR A
Acids, buffers and indicators
Practise the decisions that sit around the calculation: which species remain after neutralisation, how a buffer removes added acid or alkali, which equation to use, and whether an indicator range actually fits the pH curve.
Acid–base reasoning set
Choose an answer, then use the feedback to pin down the species, equilibrium or pH-curve feature that matters.
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Acids and buffers0 parts marked
Do the chemistry before the logarithm
When acid and base have reacted, stop and list what is actually left. That one habit prevents a surprising number of buffer and titration errors. Only then choose Ka, Kw or a strong-acid/base calculation.