n + 1 questions are limited by the specification to doublet, triplet and quartet formation in aliphatic compounds. Use the AQA chemical-shift tables supplied in the Data Booklet.
Year 13 · AQA + OCR A
A-level NMR questions that make the evidence do the work
Practise carbon-13 and proton NMR: environments, chemical shifts, integration, splitting and full structure deduction.
Prefer structure deduction? Start a mystery compound →
Pick your board once. Shared chemistry stays shared; genuine AQA/OCR differences change the questions and reference data.
Example evidenceC4H8O2
| δ / ppm | Integration | Splitting |
|---|---|---|
| 4.10 | 2 | quartet |
| 2.05 | 3 | singlet |
| 1.25 | 3 | triplet |
signal count→δ→integration→splitting→structure
Splitting questions can go beyond those three patterns. OCR also requires proton exchange with D2O to identify O–H and N–H, and its Data Sheet presents shift regions graphically.
Expect structure deduction from combined evidence. Recent AQA questions can be substantial multi-signal mysteries too, so the harder deduction route is useful whichever board you take.
Choose an NMR skill
NMR basicsGet the foundations secure: TMS, chemical shift, deuterated solvents and what carbon-13 and proton NMR actually tell you.
TMS and δdata-sheet use13C vs 1H
AQA · OCR A
Carbon-13 NMRCount carbon environments, use symmetry and chemical-shift evidence, then distinguish plausible structures.
carbon environmentssymmetry13C chemical shifts
AQA · OCR A
Environments & integrationCount proton environments and turn integrations into useful structural evidence without losing sight of equivalent hydrogens.
proton environmentsintegrationequivalent H
AQA · OCR A
Splitting patternsUse adjacent non-equivalent protons and the n + 1 rule. Board-aware practice keeps AQA inside its specified splitting limits.
n + 1 ruleadjacent protonsfragment recognition
AQA · OCR A
Predict NMR dataWork from a displayed or condensed structure to the number, shift region, integration and splitting of expected signals.
predict signalschemical shiftssplitting + integration
AQA · OCR A
Structure deductionDeduce whole structures from molecular formulae and curated 13C and 1H NMR evidence tables, with progressive clues when needed.
combine NMR evidencededuce fragmentscheck whole structure
AQA · OCR A
Mixed NMR practiceNew · 16 Aug 2026A balanced run across carbon-13, proton environments, integration, splitting, prediction and structure deduction, with OCR-only D2O questions included only when OCR A is selected.
mixed retrievalboard-aware NMRstructure reasoning
AQA · OCR A
Hard NMR mysteriesLarge exam-style mystery compounds combining molecular formula, IR or other analytical evidence, carbon-13 NMR and proton NMR.
multi-technique deductionNMR reasoningconstraint checking
AQA · OCR A
D2O proton-exchange practice is hidden here because it is an OCR A specification requirement rather than an AQA one.
Quick reference
Use the data, don't try to memorise a fake perfect spectrum
Chemical shifts move with solvent, concentration and substituents. Treat ranges as structural evidence, then make the rest of the data agree.
What each clue tells you
- Number of signals
- Number of distinct carbon or proton environments.
- Chemical shift, δ
- What sort of environment that nucleus is in.
- Integration
- Relative numbers of protons in each 1H environment.
- Splitting
- Neighbouring non-equivalent protons, using n + 1 where appropriate.
High-value regions
- ~9–10 ppm 1H: aldehyde proton.
- ~10–12 ppm 1H: carboxylic-acid O–H.
- ~4–6 ppm 1H: alkene H; C–H attached to O/halogen is often further downfield than ordinary alkyl H.
- ~160–220 ppm 13C: carbonyl region, with acids/esters lower than aldehydes/ketones.
- ~100–160 ppm 13C: unsaturated/aromatic carbon region.
Exam habit that pays
- Write down every hard constraint.
- Spot obvious fragments such as triplet + quartet.
- Use shifts to decide what those fragments are attached to.
- Fit the carbon environments.
- Only accept a final structure if all the evidence works.
Board detail
Three things worth getting exactly right
Does AQA require every possible n + 1 splitting pattern?
No. AQA explicitly limits the assessed n + 1 patterns to doublet, triplet and quartet formation in aliphatic compounds.
What is different about D2O on OCR A?
OCR A explicitly requires identification of O–H and N–H protons by proton exchange using D2O. These questions are shown only when OCR A is selected.
Will the hard questions still be useful for AQA?
Yes. AQA can use substantial structure-deduction questions combining molecular formula, IR, carbon-13 NMR and proton NMR.